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G codes used for programming Computer
Numerical Controlled Machines
G codes as well as the others use the RS-274D as the
recommended standard for the Computer Numerical Controlled
Machines. This standard was developed by the Electronic Industry
association during the 1960’s. These standards provide a basis
for the creation of Computer Numerical Controlled Programs.
Ever since the industrial revolution started, the demand to
create precise instruments and products is an important factor
in large scale manufacturing. Belts, screws, Drills and all
movable parts needed to create other products in the assembly
line must all be exact and compatible, thus extra care must be
taken in order to ensure that all moving parts match perfectly.
Computer Numerical Controlled programming has become an
extremely important part of this process.
Computer Numerical Controlled Machines are useless without any
programming. CNC’s rely on pure hard codes in order to execute
commands that the Machine Operator wants to do, therefore not
only is it needed to learn the mechanics of the whole Computer
Numerical Controlled Machine but it is also at the utmost
importance that the Machine operator knows how to communicate
with the machine, and that is by using G-codes.
Preparatory code/ functions or much commonly called as G-codes
are functions in the Computer Numerical Control programming
language. The G-codes job is to manage the position of the tool
as well as control the step by step commands during the actual
work. Basically the G-codes are the most important part of the
Computer Numerical Control Programming algorithm.
There are other codes involved in the programming of CNC’s such
as M-codes that manages the machine, T-codes for managing the
tools, and F-codes for the tool feed and tool speed controls.
All of these codes are created in a Computer Aided Manufacturing
(CAM) software.
G codes as well as the others use the RS-274D as the recommended
standard for the Computer Numerical Controlled Machines. This
standard was developed by the Electronic Industry association
during the 1960’s. These standards provide a basis for the
creation of Computer Numerical Controlled Programs.
First designs of these standards came from punched paper tapes
as the medium standard for data interchange, but now ASCII
character bit patterns are the standard for the representation.
G-Codes
Lets discuss the g-codes further, as what I have said earlier G-
codes constitute only a part of the Computer Numerical Control
Program, in the whole programming algorithm, they are denoted by
the letter G, Basically it is a code telling the machine what
kinds of actions to perform in a step by step basis, examples of
these actions would be rapid move, controlled feed moves that
would bore holes, a work piece cut routed to a specific
dimension, change a pallet, and set a tool information such as
offset.
After creating each part of the codes, the algorithm is compiled
in the Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software. The CAM
software basically use translators called post processors to
output the code optimized for a certain machine type. Often
times, post-processors are often used to allow users to enable
further customization.
G-codes can also be used to create outputs for Computer Aided
Design systems used to design printed circuit boards (PCB). Any
software must be customized for each type of machine tool that
it will be used to program. Some G-codes are written by hand for
volume production jobs.
Some Computer Numerical Controlled machines use conversational
programming. Conversational programming is an easier way to
program CNC machines because it is more “user friendly” because
it uses a wizard like program that hides the G-codes into plain
view. Some Popular examples of this kind of CNC machines are the
Southwestern Industries’ Proto TRAK, Mazak’s Mazatrol, and Mori
Seiki’s CAPS conversational software.
Conclusion
With these kinds of further sophistication in programming
Computer Numerical Controlled Machines, it is expected in the
future that programming would be much easier for its machine
operators.
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